Our main recommendation
Our pick for the best overall water flosser is the Waterpik Aquarius.
In the sections below we explain how we came to this decision and offer some alternative choices for specific situations.
Our in-house dentist Dr. Gemma Wheeler explains the evidence for using an electric flosser, and our buyer’s guide includes further advice to help you decide.
It’s worth noting there are various other ways to refer to a water flosser, but they are one and the same: electric flosser, oral irrigator, water toothpick and water jet flosser are other common terms. Often they are referred to as a ‘Waterpik’ as this is the best-known brand in the market.
Video — key things to know before buying
In this video our in-house dentist Dr. Chhaya Chauhan quickly runs through the main things you need to know before buying a water flosser.
In this post
Evidence
Dr. Gemma Wheeler, BDS (Hons)
Can a water flosser improve your oral health?
Yes.
When used in addition to toothbrushing, a water flosser can reduce bleeding gums by 37% (research by Lyle).
They are recommended by the European Federation of Periodontology.
Can a water flosser replace traditional floss?
Yes.
The limited evidence available does say water flossers are more effective than flossing.
A water flosser doesn’t replace interdental brushes, which are the most effective interdental cleaning method.
Water flossers and interdental brushes have been proven to reduce signs of gum disease, such as bleeding and swelling.
Do dentists recommend water flossers?
I do advise water flossers for some people. They do have some positive effects on gum health, as proven in independent research.
But, interdental brushes are my preferred recommendation for interdental cleaning (because the overwhelming evidence shows that interdental brushes are the most effective method for cleaning interdentally).
Even with the evidence available, I know that the most effective type of interdental cleaning is the one that you will actually do. I want to support people to make a habit.
In my experience, the people who buy water flossers will commit to actually using them. More so than with floss! I’m not sure what all the reasons are behind this.
My recommendation to patients is to find a cleaning method that works for them, and there is certainly a place for water flossers.
Can I use a water flosser with braces, crowns, veneers, bridges or implants?
Yes.
It is safe to use a water flosser with these types of dental appliances and restorations.
What to look for in a water flosser
In this post we offer recommendations for both corded (countertop) and cordless water flossers.
If you have space (approx 6 x 6 inches) for one in your bathroom, we recommend going for countertop over cordless — we explain this in more detail in this section.
Both types of flosser come with similar features. Not all of them are necessary.
From our testing, the most essential features of a water flosser are:
45 seconds or more flossing time
Flossers with a water tank of around 200ml will achieve this. 45 seconds is enough time to get a thorough clean without having to refill. It can make the flosser slightly heavier but it is a worthwhile trade off.
2 or more pressure modes
If you have sensitive gums it is useful to be able to adjust the pressure.
Rotating nozzle (or handle if it’s a countertop flosser)
Having a 360 degree rotating nozzle makes it easier to reach all parts of the mouth.
Comfortable grip (cordless)
From our testing, a large area for the palm and fingers to grip onto is better than a slim handle. It’s also helpful if the grip is made from materials that prevent slippage, particularly when wet.
Water control button on the handle (countertop)
A button or switch on the flosser handle allows for much greater control of the water flow. This makes it easy to stop, start and pause the jet of water. No need to use the on/off switch on the countertop unit itself.
Hose storage (countertop)
Having a convenient place to tuck away the hose when not in use avoids trailing cables around the bathroom.
How we chose
Our selection process
Our team is made up of dental professionals and experienced product testers. We specialize in oral health and abide by a strong code of ethics.
We buy and test every product we recommend. In most instances, we have detailed written and video reviews for each product.
We consult the clinical evidence, the feedback from consumers and industry leaders.
Together, we ensure our recommendations include only the very best choices.
We regularly review our recommendations based on newly released products and clinical evidence.
Best water flosser 2023 — our recommendations
In the sections below we go into detail about the products we have tested and explain our recommendations.
Dr. Gemma Wheeler answers common pre-purchase questions and explains why she recommends water flossers.
Best Countertop
Waterpik Aquarius WP-660
*Prices correct at time of writing
Why we chose it:
The Waterpik Aquarius has all of the essential features we look for in a water flosser.
It is fairly compact with hose storage to keep things neat, although there is no place to store any excess power cable.
In our testing, we found it easy to control the water flow from the handle, and the water pressure was easy to adjust with the rotating dial.
Twisting the top of the handle moves the nozzle and helps reach all areas of the mouth. A very thorough clean is achieved each time.
80 seconds is the minimum cleaning time available, even when set to the highest of the 10 pressure settings.
What we like
- 80+ second flossing time
- Easy to rotate the nozzle
- 10 pressure settings
- Available in different color options
- Hose storage
What we dislike
- No power cable storage
- Price – it is expensive
Best Cordless
Waterpik Cordless Advanced WP-560
*Prices correct at time of writing
Why we chose it:
The Cordless Advanced is one of the most comfortable cordless flossers we have used.
The nozzle is easy to rotate so you can reach all the teeth and clean the entire mouth. You get 45 seconds of cleaning time from the most powerful of the 3 modes.
It has all the features we recommend and has been approved by the Oral Health Foundation and American Dental Association. This means that the flosser has been assessed by an independent panel of experts, and that it is safe and that it has the benefits it says it does.
What we like
- 45+ second flossing time
- Easy to rotate the nozzle
- Grippy handle
- 3 pressure settings
- Easy to attach magnetic charger
- Different color options available
- Travel pouch included in the box
What we dislike
- Price – it is expensive
Best budget
Fairywill 5020E
*Prices correct at time of writing
Why we chose it:
There aren’t very good options if you want a reliable ‘budget’ water flosser.
On Amazon you will find several products under $40, but do be aware that the product may fail a lot sooner than a product from a well-known brand such as Sonicare or Waterpik.
One such example is Fairywill, which is arguably the best-known ‘cheap’ brand that makes these kinds of products.
Fairywill products are no longer available on Amazon.
This is due to the way it has gone about gathering positive reviews for its products.
As a result of this, and because of direct reports we have received about how frequently Fairywill products fail, we no longer recommend Fairywill as a budget alternative.
However, we are still including the Fairywill 5020E in this post because there are very few alternatives if you want a budget recommendation.
If you can afford to, we strongly advise going for one of our other recommendations above. Failing that, you could consider the Panasonic EW-DJ10 (Amazon, Ebay), although it is more basic than the 5020E.
The EW-DJ10 does have the advantage that it folds up, so it is a good option if you travel about a lot and want to take it with you. For more detail, see our Panasonic EW-DJ10 Review.
The Fairywill 5020E has a few more features, but again, you may run into reliability issues. It lasts an impressive 90 seconds when using the most powerful of the 3 modes available.
In our testing, the cleaning performance was comparable to other water flossers. The mouth felt clean after each use. But, it is not supported by clinical evidence. The studies simply haven’t been completed.
The nozzle can be rotated to help reach all areas of the mouth. But we found it much more difficult to rotate than the WP-560, particularly when in use.
What we like
- 90+ seconds flossing time
- 3 pressure settings
- Long battery life
- USB charging
- Different color options available
What we dislike
- Reliability issues reported by users
- Difficult to rotate the nozzle
- Warranty is only 1 year
- Small port cover that is easy to lose
Our choices explained
Regular toothbrushing leaves 40% of the tooth surface untouched.
Yet, according to US News, a staggering 32% of Americans never floss.
Interdental cleaning (commonly referred to as flossing) might not be something we want to do. But it is something we should be doing.
Our in-house dentist Dr Wheeler has analysed the clinical data on which interdental cleaning methods are the most effective.
Evidence shows that interdental brushes are the most effective method for cleaning interdentally. Dental floss is the least effective.
According to the limited evidence available, water flossers are more effective than string flossing. Water flossers are recommended by the European Federation of Periodontology.
But when choosing a tool for flossing it’s important that you pick something that you will use regularly.
We have tested many options, but only the best become our recommended products. We explain our choices for the best water flosser below.
Our recommendation for the best countertop water flosser, the Waterpik Aquarius WP-660, serves the vast majority of users best. It is a suitable option whether you are taking proactive steps to clean interdentally, have periodontal disease or if you’re recovering from oral surgery.
It is not portable like the Cordless Advanced WP-560, but the slim handle is easy to hold and move around the mouth.
The Cordless Advanced is great. But, the smaller handle on the Aquarius gives the feeling of greater control. In-hand comfort is really quite important. The more comfortable a product is to use, the more likely you will use it.
From the handle of the Aquarius WP-660, you can rotate the nozzle and control the flow of water.
An inherent benefit of a countertop option is that it has a larger water tank. The 600ml capacity means that you can floss for longer or get multiple flossing sessions from one single fill.
There are 10 different pressure settings on the Waterpik Aquarius. This is more than you need, but it does give a very finite level of control, which we like. Each setting varies by 10PSI.
It actually has a smaller profile than you might imagine. So although bulky, it doesn’t feel as dominant on a countertop as you might expect
If space is at a real premium in your bathroom, then the Cordless Advanced is likely a better pick.
Because of its portability, it’s also better suited to those who travel.
We mentioned comfort and the Cordless Advanced really excels here for a wire free unit. The shape and the large area of raised dots on the back make it lovely to hold. You feel in control, even when you want to rotate the nozzle.
In fact, rotating the nozzle on the Advanced is possibly easier than on the Aquarius. The large wheel used for rotating the nozzle feels natural to use with good feedback. Being able to rotate the nozzle makes it easier to reach all parts of the mouth.
The 207ml tank does offer 45 seconds of use on the most powerful of the 3 pressure modes. This is about half the time of the Waterpik Aquarius. You don’t have to rush with either, but a compromise for a more portable option is the smaller tank.
All 3 of our recommendations clean between the teeth and gumline well.
Our budget option, the Fairywill 5020E, does not have the clinical research to support it, unlike the Waterpik models.
In our testing, it felt as if it cleaned just as well as the others and we certainly didn’t have any complaints in this respect.
But, you don’t get the same peace of mind when using the Fairywill as the other options.
It perhaps comes as no surprise that neither the Oral Health Foundation nor the American Dental Association have approved the Fairywill 5020E. They have approved the Waterpik models. We explain these certifications in more detail below.
Fairywill is no longer available on Amazon, and we have received direct reports from users about its products failing sooner than they should.
The 3 modes it offers are comparable to the Cordless Advanced and the tank is 100ml bigger. You get an impressive 90 seconds on the highest setting.
It lacks some of the refinement of the Waterpik models. Consequently, the other choices will likely encourage you to pick them up and use them more often.
But, Waterpik models do command a premium price, which not all can justify.
Factor in replacement nozzles, and the Fairywill really shines. It comes with 8 in the box.
Used correctly, any of these products will improve your oral care routine. It is the small extras of the Waterpik models that make them the better choices.
Newly tested products + those we are currently testing
We have recently completed testing on 4 relatively new models from Waterpik.
Each has its pros and cons, but none have resulted in a change to our top recommended products. Although the Radiance gets very close.
The Sonic Fusion 2.0 Professional is the 2nd generation of their flossing toothbrush. A water flosser and electric toothbrush in one. It is an improvement on the original, but we are still not won over. Having a totally separate electric toothbrush and water flosser is a more practical and effective solution in our opinion if you have the countertop space for them.
For those looking for a more portable and cordless option, the Waterpik Express (view on Amazon) is a great value option and is one of a select few to be powered by AA batteries. It does the fundamental job of cleaning the interdental spaces well. It is easy to grip hold off too. However, the nozzle is not easy to rotate and you don’t have any travel friendly accessories in the box.
The ION is another cordless unit, but it is a bit different in that it has all the benefits of a countertop unit. Although technically cordless it is closer to a countertop unit with the large water tank and 10 different pressure settings. You just have the benefit of a rechargeable battery built-in so you don’t actually have to be tethered to a power socket.
And lastly, the Waterpik Radiance (view on Amazon) is arguably the best of the latest flossers we have tested. It is very similar to the Aquarius with slight refinement in its design. It is fairly quiet in use, has 10 pressure settings and easy to use on handle controls. The slight downside is that the tip isn’t quite as easy to rotate as the Aquarius.
Other flossers we have tested
Only a select few of the water flossers we test actually make it into this best list.
And yet, we can’t say that any of the water flossers we have tested are really bad.
We have been most disappointed by the Waterpik Sonic-Fusion. Admittedly this is a hybrid product, rather than a standalone water flosser. It combines an electric toothbrush and water flosser to create a flossing toothbrush.
Unfortunately, the Fusion isn’t great at either job. It is noisy and cumbersome to use. You don’t get to enjoy all the benefits of an electric toothbrush and water flosser. You are better off sticking with separate items. A regular electric toothbrush and one of Waterpik’s other countertop water flossers.
The Waterpik WF-06 and WF-05 are 2 countertop models that have ‘whitening’ capabilities. The WF-05 Whitening Professional is the premium model.
Both allow you to add whitening tablets into the handle of the flosser. As the water passes through, it dissolves the tablet. It results in a mildly abrasive solution being pushed against the tooth surface. The idea is that it will remove light surface stains from your teeth.
The tablets contain glycerine which helps to lift the stains off the tooth surface. Silica, also contained in the tablets, is an abrasive ingredient which also helps remove stains. Both are effective stain removers and are commonly found in professional polishing pastes.
In theory, it works. Waterpik has done its own research and found it to be effective at removing stains.
In practice, people are often disappointed. It is an expensive solution that doesn’t deliver the tooth whitening results most would expect from Waterpik calling it a “whitening” water flosser. It is only ever going to remove extrinsic staining. It won’t change the natural color of the teeth like professional bleaching.
Oral-B is a major player in the oral care space. It has produced water flossers in the past, the Oxyjet being the most well-known.
But it has been quite some time since it has competed properly within this space. Recently it has attempted to change this with its new Water Flosser Advanced.
Given its experience and might within the industry we expected better.
It has 45 second flossing time and at least 2 pressure settings. It has 2 weeks of battery life and a water resistant design.
It has a rotating nozzle and is comfortable to hold.
But, it does not feel the best quality. The retaining clip for the water tank feels weak, and the nozzle does not rotate easily
The nozzles do rotate, but not all that easily.
The different pressure settings and modes are made more complicated than they need to be.
It comes with a bulky charging stand that is less than ideal for travel.
It is more expensive than it should be when accounting for these shortcomings.
As you will have seen from our top choices, Waterpik does make some excellent products.
The Waterpik Cordless Advanced takes the top spot for best cordless water flosser. A good alternative is the Cordless 3000 Power Flosser from Philips.
It replaces the AirFloss that came before it. It wasn’t a true water flosser, offering bursts of air mixed with water. The Cordless 3000 is and it is a very good product.
It is arguably comparable to the Cordless Advanced, in fact you get longer usage times from it as the tank is bigger and the X shaped water jet allows for a larger area to be cleaned with each pass of the teeth and gums.
However, it isn’t perfect, the Waterpik’s nozzles rotate easier and replacement nozzles are more affordable.
Fairywill has built a reputation for offering cheap alternatives to the major brands.
However, reports have emerged about Fairywill products breaking sooner than they should, which is one of the risks of going for cheaper products from less well-known brands.
They also don’t come with the refinements of their more expensive counterparts.
For example, with the Fairywill 5020E you have to connect a power cable into the flossers. The Cordless Advanced and Cordless Select WF-10 have magnetic chargers.
In fact, the Cordless Select has a magnetic USB charging cable. This is super convenient and great for travellers.
Yet, despite this benefit, it loses favour because of the cramped grip. You don’t get the same in hand comfort as the vast majority of other models. We found it one of the most awkward models to use.
You don’t have to worry quite so much about in hand comfort with the likes of the Waterpik Nano or Ultra. These are countertop units. They have slim handles, which the fingers and thumbs easily hold onto.
The Nano and Ultra are both good options. But, there is little to differentiate between them. When you consider their features and price, our preference is the Aquarius.
The Hydro Floss is another slim handled countertop option. It is quite unique, because it has one of, if not the largest water tanks of any unit we have tested. It has an 800ml capacity.
Although it comes with a standard style jet tip, it is the only company to offer cannula style tips for the flosser, to get deep into periodontal pockets.
It also boasts the benefit of adding a magnetic charge to the water, which is supposed to help. In practice, you can’t tell the difference. At least we couldn’t.
It is a little dated in its design, but it is certainly functional.
The Hydro Floss or any of the Waterpik units will ever be as cheap as the east Asian brands — Truewell, Hangsun, Atmoko and Nicewell to name a few — nor will you get as many accessories in the box.
But if you do want a cheaper option from Waterpik, the WF-03 Cordless Freedom is a good option.
The compromise here is the small water tank. It is just 150ml. This means less flossing time per fill of the tank. It also has removable AA batteries rather than a built-in rechargeable one. But, in its favour, you do have the option of the different types of interchangeable nozzles. You don’t with most other cheap models.
As this page has shown, Waterpik dominate the water flosser market. It comes as no surprise that they have been relatively unchallenged by a major brand.
Oral-B has had a go, but in all honesty, they are not good enough devices. Philips’ attempt with their Sonicare Power Flosser range of flossers on the other hand though is a different story.
No less than 4 different countertop models and a cordless device have been introduced. They are quite similar, with subtle differences. Our power flosser comparison highlights the notable differences.
All are very good, but it is the power flosser 3000 that is the best of the countertop units.
Unsurprisingly there is some similarity between the 3000 and the Waterpik Aquarius. The Power Flosser is the better looking. It is quieter in use too. It is the best alternative to Waterpik from a reputable manufacturer. But, a couple of small details let it down. It has no rotating nozzle and it isn’t quite as good value for money.
All flossers, irrespective of brand, have their pros and cons. For our main recommendations, we have chosen products that are comfortable to use and come with the features that we regard as essential. Comfort is important when it comes to interdental cleaning — the more comfortable a product is, the more likely you are to build a good flossing habit.
Our budget pick isn’t quite as comfortable to use, but it still has the features you need and it’s a good option if you don’t want to pay the price tag of the high end models.
Buyer’s Guide
Useful pre-purchase advice
In the sections below we’ve added useful notes and tips from our research and testing.
No doubt you’ll have one or two particular questions before buying, as did we.
Browse the sections below, and if you can’t find the information you need, please leave a comment at the bottom of this page and we’ll get back to you.
What is a water flosser?
A water flosser is a specially designed tool. It helps clean between the teeth and along the gumline.
It is advertised as an alternative product to dental floss and interdental brushes.
A water tank and pump are built into the unit.
The water is then pushed out at pressure via a nozzle on the flosser.
The aim of the jet of water is to break up the plaque layer (which contains bacteria), and dislodge food particles in the mouth. It has some effect massaging the gums.
With cordless flossers, there is usually a built-in rechargeable battery, or in some instances removable batteries, to power the device.
Countertop units on the other hand need to be connected to a power outlet to function.
The cordless design is more convenient for many. It is a more travel friendly option too.
What is the evidence for and against water flossers?
Water flossers are one of the less common forms of interdental cleaning.
They are safe, with little ability to cause damage to the gums.
It seems that water flossers do not fully remove plaque. Despite this, they can still have a positive effect on the gums.
Waterpik has listed a large amount of clinical research on its website. Some people could perceive this as biased. But it is worth noting that it is independently scrutinized to be published in peer-reviewed journals. This means that you can discount any obvious problems with its data. However, do consider that they are unlikely to promote data that doesn’t support its hypotheses (read: advertising claims). Many of the articles are not available in full online, only the Waterpik summary or the paper abstracts.
Highlights from its research are (the link will lead you to the journal article, not the Waterpik page):
- Using a water flosser in addition to toothbrushing reduces bleeding gums and plaque levels. Lyle et al. compared bleeding scores and plaque levels in two groups: those using only an electric toothbrush; those using an electric toothbrush + water flosser. They found that the group who used the water flosser had decreased levels of bleeding gums. The plaque levels were also lower in those using the water flossers. Although these results were of less statistical significance.
- Waterpiks reduce gingival inflammation more than flossing does. Barnes et al. 2005 study found a Waterpik to be more effective than string floss in reducing gingival bleeding. This study compared manual toothbrush + floss to manual toothbrush + water flosser and sonic toothbrush + water flosser. They miss out a key comparison group: sonic toothbrush + flossing. This makes the evidence somewhat skewed in favour of the water flosser. Much of the benefit of switching to a powered brush is presented as being the water flosser, but there is no way to compare.
- Water flossers are effective and safe for implants. Kotsakis et al. showed that water flossers are as effective as interdental brushes and more effective than chlorhexidine mouthwash. They reduce the amount of bacteria on implants, without damaging the implant surface.
Independent reviews and papers support most of these claims.
Independent reviews by Ng and Lim as well as Worthington et al showed that water flossers do not reduce plaque levels. This is also shown in Waterpik’s own study in 2011.
Despite ineffective plaque removal, water flossers do reduce inflammation of the gums. They reduce bleeding from the gums, an indicator for active gum disease.
Water flossers might not reduce levels of plaque, but it is thought they do disrupt forming plaque from above and below the gum level. The theory is that this changes the structure of the plaque layer. If the plaque structure is altered, it may cause less inflammation in the gums. But at present, this is only a theory.
The water flossers also flush out food debris. This 2015 review by Sälzer et al also supports water flossers for improving gingival health versus no interdental cleaning aid. The European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) also recommends water flossers for interdental cleaning in its evidence based guidelines.
Can a water flosser replace traditional flossing?
Yes.
The reviews already mentioned do show support for water flossers. Floss is also ineffective in most cases.
The limited evidence available does say water flossers are more effective than flossing.
But interdental brushes are more effective at cleaning than water flossers. Our post “Water Flossing vs Dental Floss vs Interdental Brushes” compares the different methods in more detail.
Who should use a water flosser?
Overall, water flossers are not the most effective method for plaque removal. But they still show benefits for gum health.
They are a good option for someone who has tried and failed to use interdental brushes.
Our in-house dentist Dr. Gemma Wheeler says:
“I would recommend a water flosser to certain people:
- Those who have limited hand mobility and so struggle with interdental brushes.
- People with large gaps where a brush doesn’t fit but food gets trapped.
- Those who won’t use floss and brushes due to a gag reflex, negative experience, or who can’t get the technique right.
- Someone with braces, to help clean around the brackets.
I also say anyone who wants to try them can add them to an existing routine e.g. interdental brushes.
Even with the evidence available, I know that the most effective type of interdental cleaning is the one that you will actually do. I want to support people to make flossing a habit.”
Cordless vs corded (countertop) water flossers
If you have space (approx 6 x 6 inches) for one in your bathroom, we recommend going for a countertop water flosser over a cordless water flosser.
We’ve found countertop models slightly more comfortable to use. They also have larger water reservoirs, meaning they have longer cleaning times and need to be refilled less often. They often come with extra features, such as extra pressure settings or a built-in timer.
There is no evidence to suggest one is better than the other. There are scientific studies that confirm the effectiveness of both. In our own hands-on testing, we have found them to be as effective as each other.
That being said, a cordless water flosser is still a perfectly good option if you don’t have space for a countertop model, or if you travel a lot.
Countertop units need a power outlet. They need to be plugged in for them to work. You are therefore more restricted on where you place them.
Cordless units are wire-free. This makes them more portable and convenient, particularly if you don’t have a socket in your bathroom.
Some cordless options are waterproof too, meaning you can use them in the shower, reducing the mess you make in and around the sink.
Examples of how much space countertop flossers take up
One of the drawbacks to countertop water flossers is that they are larger.
Each model is different, but you generally need an area 6 x 6 inches or 15 x 15cm on your countertop to accommodate the footprint of the water flosser.
You then want to have about 10-12 inches (25-30cm) space above this free for the unit to stand upright.
Each corded unit has a power cable that is around 3-4ft (90-120cm) in length. The hose from the handle tends to be of a similar length too.
A maximum distance from the power socket and the sink is approximately 2 meters. Any more than this and you will likely struggle.
If you are short of countertop space, one option is to store the flosser elsewhere and get it out as and when you need it. Many people place it in a bathroom cabinet. This overcomes the space issue, but regular use can become more challenging as it takes more effort and time to get it setup, and there isn’t the visual reminder from it sitting in plain sight.
Here is a table comparing the sizes of some of the most popular water flossers.
| Model | Width | Depth | Height |
|---|---|---|---|
| Waterpik Ultra Professional/Aquarius Professional | 4.70 inches (11.94 cm) | 3.80 inches (9.65 cm) | 10.35 inches (26.29 cm) |
| Waterpik Ultra Plus | 5.60 inches (14.22 cm) | 5.30 inches (13.46 cm) | 9.90 inches (25.15 cm) |
| Waterpik Sidekick | 5.70 inches (14.48 cm) | 3.90 inches (9.91 cm) | 4.84 inches (2.29 cm) |
| Waterpik Nano | 5.40 inches (13.72 cm) | 4.40 inches (11.18 cm) | 6.80 inches (17.27 cm) |
| Hydro Floss | 8.27 inches (21cm) | 3.93 inches (10cm) | 4.92 inches (12.5cm) |
How important are pressure settings?
Having different pressure settings is very useful.
You might not need to switch between them all the time, but having the choice is valuable.
Whilst countertop water flossers can have as many as 10 settings, 2 or 3 is common for cordless models.
You want at least a low and a high setting. As the names imply, the pressure varies between these. Low is more gentle and high more intense.
Pressure is measured in Pounds Per Square Inch (PSI) or Bar. Typically the pressure ranges from 10 to 100PSI, although some models reach as much as 160PSI.
Low pressure tends to be around 30-45PSI and high 60-80PSI, subject to model.
The extra power can blast away more debris. But, sheer force is not essential and may feel uncomfortable to some people. Lower pressure with the correct technique is equally as effective.
There is no evidence to support using higher power over a lower power.
A low setting is ideal for inflamed, sensitive and bleeding gums.
If you have healthy teeth and gums, the higher setting can be used.
Key tips for water flosser use
Create a regular habit. Doing so will have the biggest impact, over and above the water flosser you choose.
- Clean between the teeth with the water flosser at least once a day
- Use the correct flossing technique
Ensure that alongside flossing you:
- Brush your teeth twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste. See our list of dentist recommended toothpastes
- Brush for 2 minutes each time, using an electric toothbrush or a manual toothbrush
- Use the correct brushing technique
- Spit after brushing, don’t rinse with mouthwash or water
The water flosser features we regard as essential
From handling and testing lots of water flossers, we’ve come to regard some features as essential, and others as nice to have but not a dealbreaker if they are missing.
We deem the essential features of a good portable flosser to be:
45 seconds or more flossing time
Flossers with a water tank of around 200ml will achieve this. 45 seconds is enough time to get a thorough clean without having to refill. It can make the flosser slightly heavier but it is a worthwhile trade off.
2 or more pressure modes
If you have sensitive gums it is useful to be able to adjust the pressure.
Water control button on the handle (countertop)
A button or switch on the flosser handle allows for much greater control of the water flow. This makes it easy to stop, start and pause the jet of water. No need to use the on/off switch on the countertop unit itself.
Rotating nozzle (or handle for countertop)
Having a 360 degree rotating nozzle makes it easier to reach all parts of the mouth.
Comfortable grip (cordless)
From our testing, a large area for the palm and fingers to grip onto is better than a slim handle. It’s also helpful if the grip is made from materials that prevent slippage, particularly when wet.
Hose storage (countertop)
Having a convenient place to tuck away the hose when not in use avoids trailing cables around the bathroom.
Features that are nice to have, but not critical
There are lots of extra features that can be built into a flosser. These are in our opinion not essential. They are nice to have if they are included:
600ml+ water tank (countertop)
Having a large tank allows for multiple uses from a single fill, or extended flossing times for those who need more time when cleaning.
2+ week battery life (cordless)
A battery life stated as being at least 2 weeks allows for a good amount of use between charges.
Battery status/charge light (cordless)
A battery status or charge light gives you a clear indication of how much power actually remains. You know when it will need recharging and there is less chance the flosser will cut out on you mid session.
Backed by clinical evidence
Scientific studies that have tested the product and confirm what it can achieve.
Approved by dental bodies and organizations
Independent assessment of the product and any clinical data that exists. Examples include the Oral Health Foundations “Approved” status and the American Dental Association’s Seal of Acceptance.
Compact footprint
A compact footprint reduces the amount of space the water flosser takes up in your bathroom.
Power cable storage (countertop)
If the flosser comes with a mechanism for keeping excess cables tidy it is a bonus. It helps to keep the bathroom tidy and makes it easier to stow the flosser away if necessary.
Mode/pressure setting notification lights (cordless)
Visible indicators to show the selected mode.
Variety of flossing tips
Interchangeable tips make the water flosser more adaptable to different use case scenarios. For example, some tips are designed to safely reach into periodontal pockets. These allow for deeper cleaning beneath the gum-line.
Nozzle storage
Some flossers come with a place to stow any additional/replacement nozzles, which helps to keep the bathroom tidy. A removable lid cum storage compartment also works well.
Travel pouch/case (cordless)
It’s a bonus if the flosser comes with a protective cover to prevent damage, leaks or accidental activation when in transit, but it’s not a deal-breaker if it isn’t included.
USB charging (cordless)
USB charging offers a more convenient option as the cable tends to be smaller with no bulky power brick. It’s particularly useful for regular travellers.
2 Year warranty
Ideally the flosser will come with a warranty of 2 or more years so that you have the peace of mind that should the product fail it will be repaired or replaced. Typically products do come with a 2 year warranty, but there are some that only come with 1 year.
Pros & cons of water flossers
Pros
- Convenience
- Fill the tank and switch it on.
- It is less hassle than pulling out a length of floss and wrapping it around the fingers. Not to mention then feeding it between the teeth.
- Rotating nozzles make it easy to reach awkward spots in the mouth.
- The long nozzle makes it easy to reach the back teeth.
- Takes less time
- You can complete a thorough floss of the teeth with a water flosser quicker than you can with string floss.
- Reduce inflammation and bleeding of the gums
- The water reaches spaces that a toothbrush or traditional floss can’t. Notably, under the gumline. This means bacteria and debris that cause inflammation and bleeding are removed.
- They disrupt more plaque
- Traditional string floss requires a very specific technique to be effective.
- Water flossers are easier to use to disrupt the plaque layer.
- They are more gentle on the gums
- Incorrect flossing technique can be painful or damaging to the gums.
- The pressurized water feels softer and gentle on the gums. It will stimulate blood flow.
- Variable pressure settings allow you to find the right pressure for you.
- Suitable for braces, implants and bridges
- The water flow allows for a quick and effective clean around dental appliances.
- They are easier for people with limited mobility (dexterity)
- The nozzles allow for much easier positioning and reach into the mouth.
- There are fewer fingers and thumbs and awkward movements.
- Different nozzles
- A variety of nozzles allow for a more personalized oral care routine.
- Individual circumstances, such as periodontal disease can be more effectively treated at home.
Cons
- Environmental impact
- No studies into the environmental impact of water flossers exist yet.
- In 2020 a study compared electric toothbrushes to manual alternatives. Electric brushes came out worse in many areas.
- The weight and electrical components likely make water flossers less environmentally-friendly. This is in comparison to other flossing options.
- The heavy use of water also has a large impact on the environment.
- Size
- Even the most compact water flosser isn’t as travel friendly as a reel of traditional floss.
- Noise
- The water flosser makes quite a bit of noise when in use.
- Price
- A water flosser is more expensive than string floss or floss sticks.
- Interdental brushes are more effective
- Despite the ease of use, interdental brushes produce better results.
- Plaque isn’t removed as effectively.
- Water tank size/pressure settings
- Each flossing session is limited to the size of the water tank and the pressure setting selected. You may have to refill the tank multiple times to complete the clean.
- Sink access
- You need to be lent over a sink, even with a cordless, due to the amount of water that needs to be expelled during use.
- Batteries/power
- Water flossers will require recharging or replacement batteries.
How do the different nozzles / tips work?
The type of nozzles or jet tips that fit a water flosser are interchangeable.
This means they can be changed as and when you like.
The most common nozzle is the ‘jet tip’. This is suitable for the vast majority of users.
It is designed for everyday use, offering a deep clean between teeth and along the gumline.
Most water flossers come with this type of tip included and available as a spare/replacement.
Some brands, notably Waterpik, offer a wider variety of nozzles.
The additional nozzles are specifically designed to offer benefits to particular users.
Examples include:
- Orthodontic tip
- The tip has a tapered brush on the end to help remove plaque from braces and orthodontics. It also helps flush out bacteria and food debris from around teeth and under the gums.
- Plaque Seeker tip
- Designed to clean in and around harder to reach areas. Most notably dental restorations. 3 thin bristle tufts gently access stubborn plaque around dental implants, crowns, bridges and veneers.
- Pik Pocket tip
- Designed to deliver water deep into periodontal pockets. Ideal for those diagnosed with more advanced gum disease.
- Tongue cleaner
- The nozzle has a spoon-like shape. This traps and removes plaque from the tongue, in an effort to prevent bad breath.
- Toothbrush tip
- You can brush your teeth as you floss.
- It acts like a manual toothbrush (the bristles do not move like an electric toothbrush).
- Implant denture tip
- Designed to reach hard to access areas. Ideal to clean around dental appliances such as fixed implant bridges and dentures.
The names and features of the tips can vary from one brand to another.
The range of nozzles and the availability tends to be best with larger brands.
For example, Fairywill only offers a jet tip only. Those with more personalized needs will not be best served by Fairywill.
Our research suggests Waterpik offers the best range.
In fact, out of the box, Waterpik models often come with some of these different tip types.
Your dental professional can recommend specific tips if they are suitable for you.
Manufacturer guidelines suggest a nozzle such as a jet tip should be replaced every 6 months. More specialist tips such as a plaque seeker or orthodontic tip should be renewed every 3 months.
It is possible to clean jet tips with distilled vinegar. This can extend the usable life from them and reduce the need to replace them.
The type of nozzle and its availability can affect the cost.
A jet tip from Waterpik will likely cost in the region of $5 per tip, whereas a Fairywill option will cost around $2.50.
Please note. Although nozzles are interchangeable, one brand might not be interchangeable with another. For example, Waterpik nozzles will not work with Sonicare.
Things to know about traveling with a water flosser
It is quite rare to travel with a countertop water flosser.
If you travel and want to take your water flosser with you, you will want to opt for a cordless water flosser. These are specifically designed to be more portable.
Different water flossers come with different power supplies.
Many will come with a power cable suitable for the 2 pin outlet in your bathroom.
Few come with replaceable batteries. But those that do can be a real winner for some. If you do need a water flosser with replaceable batteries, we recommend the Waterpik WF-03 Cordless Freedom.
More products now come with USB cables. These are more convenient, offering more flexibility when recharging.
If you intend to travel internationally, be aware of the different power requirements. As a quick reference guide:
- Printed on base/plug – 100-240V
- Where can it be used? Globally
- Do I need a voltage convertor? No
- Do I need a plug adapter? Subject to country
- Printed on base/plug – 220-240V
- Where can it be used? In countries with 200-240V (e.g. most European countries, NOT US/Canada)
- Do I need a voltage convertor? Yes if the voltage of the country you are traveling to is less than 220V
- Do I need a plug adapter? Subject to country
- Printed on base/plug– 110 Volts 60 Cycles
- Where can it be used? In countries with 110 volts (e.g. US/Canada)
- Do I need a voltage convertor? Yes if the voltage of the country you are traveling to is higher than 110V
- Do I need a plug adapter? Subject to country
It is worth considering protection for your water flosser when traveling. Some, but not all, come with cases included. It is rare for a countertop unit to have a case available.
More often than not, the cases provided are basic cloth pouch cases. They offer limited protection. What they do allow is for the flosser and all the accessories to be kept neatly together. They can help stop any excess water leaking out into a bag.
Some will also come with a separate case for the nozzles.
Do bear in mind no cordless water flosser we have tested comes with any way to deactivate the buttons. It is possible that, in a cloth case, a button might be accidentally pressed and the device activated.
How does the warranty work?
This can vary from one manufacturer to another and from one country to another.
Most water flossers come with a 2 year (24 month) warranty as standard.
Some brands are a little more customer centric. The best offer 3 year warranties
This will cover any faults that are not a result of user damage.
An example might be the pump failing to push water through.
If the product fails, you will need to contact the customer service department.
Many companies will require that it be returned for repair. This is usually within the country in which it was purchased.
How does dental association approval work?
Around the globe, there are many dental bodies and organizations
In fact, each country will usually have a leading panel of experts. They usually guide oral health within that country.
These organizations are similarly aligned in their goals and approaches.
The public in particular look to them for advice on what products they should and should not be using.
The American Dental Association (USA) and the Oral Health Foundation (UK) are 2 examples.
Each has programmes that verify the safety and effectiveness of consumer products.
Consumer oral health care products are independently evaluated. This is to ensure they are safe and that the claims made are proven and not exaggerated. Reliable scientific evidence is usually required.
The programmes are designed to give consumers peace of mind and reassurance.
Each programme is run independently. A manufacturer must apply and submit the relevant data to each organization. Only once this process has been completed will a product be awarded the ‘approved’ status of the relevant body.
The ADA issues a ‘Seal of Acceptance’. The Oral Health Foundation labels products as ‘Approved’.
Although they are separate programmes, most operate by similar policies. A product awarded the ADA seal would likely be approved by the Oral Health Foundation.
Watch
Video explainer
In the video below our chief product tester Jon Love explains the advice from our buyer’s guide and runs through our recommendations for the best water flosser.
Our in-house dentist Dr. Chhaya Chauhan also explains the key things to consider before you buy a water flosser.
Related posts
- Best Cordless Water Flosser
- Best Electric Toothbrush
- Best Electric Toothbrush And Water Flosser Combo
- How To Floss
Water flosser reviews & help guides
Below is a list of the various water flosser reviews and comparisons we have completed, and other supporting help guides.
- Waterpik vs Airfloss: 2023 Comparison
- Quip cordless water flosser review
- Waterpik Cordless Advanced vs Philips Sonicare Cordless Power Flosser 3000
- Waterpik Troubleshooting & Common Issues
- Panasonic EW1511 Review
- Waterpik Aquarius vs Philips Sonicare Power Flosser 3000
- Philips Sonicare Power Flosser 3000 vs 5000 vs 7000
- Philips Sonicare Power Flosser 3000, 5000 & 7000 Review
- Philips Sonicare Cordless Power Flosser 3000 Review
- Burst Water Flosser Review
- Waterpik Cordless Advanced WP-560 Review
- Waterpik Cordless Express Review
- Waterpik Cordless Freedom Water Flosser WF-03 Review
- Waterpik Cordless Select Review
- Waterpik vs Sonicare Toothbrush: How Do They Compare?
- Philips Sonicare AirFloss Ultra Review
- Waterpik Radiance Review
- Fairywill 5020E Water Flosser Review
- Panasonic EW-DJ10 Cordless Oral Irrigator Review
- Waterpik ION/ION Professional Cordless Review
- Waterpik Aquarius WP-660 Review
- Hydro Floss Water Flosser Review
- Waterpik Cordless Plus Review
- Oral-B Water Flosser Advanced Review
- Waterpik Complete Care WP-900 Review
- Does Oral-B make a water flosser and where can you get it?
- Waterpik Ultra Water Flosser Review
- H2ofloss HF-8 Whisper Review
- Waterpik WP-360 Review
- Waterpik WF-04 Sidekick Review
- Waterpik Professional Whitening Water Flosser Review
- How to clean a water flosser
- Waterpik Aquarius vs Ultra
Jon, thank you so much for your videos. I have learned so much!
What is your opinion on shower adapter flossers like this one https://smile.amazon.com/gp/product/B003ES2HNI?
Hey. To be honest I haven’t tried to be able to comment properly.
I think it will serve a purpose, but there are going to be limits on effectiveness as it will be dependant on the water pressure etc.
You will need to bear in mind that it can only be used in the shower, so if travelling you can’t take it with you etc. Also, consider the availability of replacement nozzles etc.
Hi Jon,
Wow, we love the videos and your blog. My wife and I have just spent 2 hours at our kitchen table reviewing all Waterpik products and plan on buying a flosser tomorrow. We really like your insight and feel so grateful for this information. Can we ask you something? We have searched and searched for any reviews on Waterpik’s Radiance Water Flosser and cannot find anything. What do you know about Waterpik Radiance model? Would you recommend this model over the Waterpik Aquarius Professional? Do you know when the Radiance model came out? Maybe its brand new?
We are torn between Radiance and White Aquarius Professional. It seems as though the Radiance is a newer version of Aquarius with just better upgraded button feature, however there is no reviews and they don’t even sell this model on Amazon. So we thought we would reach out to you since we both agreed you are an expert and we respect and value your insight.
Hope you are having a great start to your 2021!
Kimberley & Zachary
This link is to comparison page
https://www.waterpik.com/oral-health/products/compare/WF-04CD010-1/WF-09CD010-1/WP-670/WP-660/
Hi Zachary & Kimberly.
Thanks for your question.
Although I don’t know exactly when the Radiance was launched I do understand it to be a newer model launched, I believe within approximately the last 6 months.
I have not had hands-on time with this model or reviewed it as yet.
The lack of reviews is likely because it is a newer product, it is sold only via Waterpiks own online store (so fewer people will even come to learn it is available) and well, not many people review a water flosser! Reviewing water flossers for most isn’t quite as exciting as the latest smartphone for example.
Because I have not had hands-on time with is, I can’t honestly say that you most definitely should or should not purchase it.
However, based on my knowledge of Waterpik and the specifications I have absolutely no reason to doubt its ability and I feel it would perform as well as the Aquarius WP-660.
It has the same size water tank and the same pressure settings.
The most significant differences as I am sure you have seen are:
– Different design
– The lack of color options for the unit itself
– No massage mode (not essential)
– The button on the handle – a push rather than slider found on the Aquarius
– Ther way you can rotate the nozzle/jet tip
A little further explanation on that last point. With many Waterpik models, you can rotate the nozzle a full 360. You do this by twisting the attachment at the bottom of the nozzle. The hose that fed into the handle was fixed and the handle itself does not rotate.
However with newer models like the radiance, instead of the nozzle being rotated at the top of the handle, the whole handle now rotates because the way the hose attaches to the handle is slightly different. Therefore by rotating your hand (with the handle in it) creates the 360 rotation that you would have once gotten from twisting the nozzle at the top of the handle. I hope that makes sense!
Ultimately it is your decision, but most importantly I do believe the flossing/cleaning experience will be basically the same with no discernable differences.
Whilst the Radiance is newer you may get a better value deal on the Aquarius.
I sincerely hope that helps.
I have gone through more than 8 water flossers of various brand names in the past 10 years. In my opinion, even the most highly rated brands and models are poorly made. That includes larger separate tank models as well as cordless ones. One is very lucky to get 6 months of daily use for any of them, and, sometimes less. They just stop doing their job. Either the pump goes or the electronic parts crap out. I have taken most of them apart after they quit. I admit total ignorance of how to repair anything more complicated than a leaaky hose or connnection. What strikes me as both obvious and a bit odd, is the fact that these devices, made to work in a wet environment, all showed major areas of oxidation/rust on their interior metal parts. My last failed flosser, was one I took very speciial care to dry out after each and every use…as much as I was able to dry. That one, a “Usable” brand, of course, made in China like they all are, was the first one, After 4 Waterpik brand devices failed within 6 months of purchase, and each was corroded inside. Whenever a water flosser manufacturer, effectively protects the metal innards of the device from moisture, maybe the will then have a moderately long service life. Presently, though, no brand or model can be trusted to work longer than a few months even with care. And since the average price for these pieces of junk seems to be about $45 online, per unit, and water flossing is something one learns to value highly, and miss when the device just lies there taking up space, replacements become something of a priority…and there goes another good piece of change for a new one. But, I am afraid that buying any water flossser at a reasonable price which will last enough to prove it’s value is a fairy tale.
Thanks Neil for the feedback on your experience. With any of these that have failed, have you gone back to the manufacturer to ask for a repair/replacement under the warranty?
A. Lot of retailers still sell Waterpik model 450
Did you review it and if so where can I find the review
Thanks
Hi Barry.
I am sorry to say that we have not written a full review of this product, so I have no link to provide you.
It is still a functional model that at the right price could make for a good buy.
Wish you’d talk about keeping reservoir clean. My WP-450 is impossible to keep clean!
Hi Dave,
You might find this video helpful:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lzOoc2_tzeY
Excellent reviews! Have you had a chance to look at the new Sonic Fusion from Waterpik? https://www.waterpik.com/oral-health/lp/sonic-fusion/
It’s a brush and flosser in one. I ordered the professional version with a discount from my dentist and I think it does an excellent job when using the brush and floss together.
Hi Cindy.
Thanks for the comment.
I am pleased to read that you think the Sonic-Fusion from Waterpik does a good job. Personally I was not so impressed, particularly when you take into account the price. I felt a separate electric toothbrush and flosser would be better.
If however you got a discount, that can make a bit of a difference on the judgement.
Here is my review of the Sonic-Fusion flossing toothbrush.